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Just remind me.

Why do you need an earlier version ?

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PWM is how a dimmer switch works and is usually best but it depends what fans and fan headers you have.

Im with Dave though, unless you have some super duper fans, just leave it alone 😁

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If anyone is interested in knowing more about NTFS then the books Windows Internals parts 1 and 2 by MS press is a good place to look. I have the 6th edition in print but the text can be found online.

To save the trouble of wading through it the interesting bit starts on page 424 of book 2, titled ” NTFS Design Goals and Features”.

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As everyone knows, porn is what you do with your stuff when you run out of money 😁

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https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/storage/refs/refs-overview

ReFS was ment to be the next gen file system for Windows but they have had a LOT of trouble with it, so far it is only approved for use on server systems running hardware on an approved list.

NTFS still reigns supreme for running Windows from, and its looking like it will for the foreseeable future 😁.

exFAT is just ment for flash drives and to make it better for running an OS Windows CE has TexFAT.

Oh and when they published the specs they sneekily changed the meaning of the “e” from Extended to Extensible, which it now is since they published the specs !

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As you found that link Ed then then you probably also know that MS released the spec for exFAT publicly for the first time in August this year, they are still holding on to the patents and exFAT is not open source but they also signed it up to the patents non aggression pact so development is underway to incorporate it into the next Linux Kernel release.

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You said above Les that you can use Synaptic fine but you have to open it yourself.

Is this just a case of Synaptic not auto starting ?

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Yep 4GB is the maximum FILE size for FAT32.

Extended FAT (exFAT) was specifically designed for flash drives by Microsoft, it includes some of the features of NTFS but leaves out the one’s that cause undesirable write patterns on a flash drive. What you don’t get is file change journaling but you only really NEED that on a drive that is running an OS.

What you do get is a disk cluster allocation bitmap that makes finding free space much faster and a maximum file size of 16 Exabytes !

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Blimy, they seem to have read and understood your reply and responded with a sensible answer.

This never happens !

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https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol

The Wiki link is above.

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Yep, its not really ment for public consumption 🤣 it is publish by the Internet Engineering Task Force for the writers of low level networking software and firmware. The Wiki on SMTP is much more user friendly but it leaves out many of the extension details 😀

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https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6531

Anyone wanting to know the full details of what has changed with the SMTP Extensions can find most of them in the link above.

Good luck picking the bones out of that though 😂

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It is up to your mail server provider how they handle user names but it used to be that they all had to be lower case. Not any more it would seem.

Having looked it up, it is common practice for companies like Microsoft and Google to assign various combinations of upper and lower case names as aliases to the same account so that you get your mail however people type it.

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Bob, the greasy stuff  that sticks to records is mostly finger grease. Give it a wash 😁

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Oh and don’t touch your newly cleaned record with greasy fingers, makes the dust stick.

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Do not use Windowlene 😁 do use mild soapy water with a soft cloth and rinse under the tap, don’t get the label wet.

Remember records are made of plastic and do not dissolve😀

If you are worried about tap water residue then you can wipe them with a micro fiber cloth when they are dry.

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You may have a problem because of your IOM address Les. Try a proxy server, the paid for version of Avast secutity has one that works for me. I am in New York half the time, as far as my address is concerned 😁

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I just hate Steam in general and avoid it if I can. Steam forgets my password if i don’t use it for a while, runs on start up if it gets the slightest chance, won’t let me run the games I own if I am not connected to Steam and insists on a lengthy update to its self every time I do use it.

A straight download from the publisher is all I want.

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If the SSD is the same size or bigger than the HDD then cloning is simpler. Just do a clone and then do an upgrade install of W10. All your data, settings and most of your apps will transfer.

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If your SSD is bigger than your HDD you would just be cloning your existing installation across Les. With a laptop you would need to buy an external  enclosure or USB adapter cable to connect both drives at once.

If you need to get a bigger SSD then if you buy it from Crucial it comes with a free copy of Acronis  true image for drive cloning, full version but it will only work if one of the drives is a Crucial 😁.

If your HDD has less actual data on it than your SSD can hold then you could try something like EaseUS partition master. EaseUS can shrink partitions to the size of the data they hold and intelligently clone bigger drives to smaller drives if the data will fit. Costs £35 though 🙄

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